Appendix Y — Original Languages - Scroll Origins

Appendix Y — Glossary of Original Languages, Locations, and Scroll Origins A companion to Appendix Z, tracing how each sacred scroll entered history

Appendix Y — Glossary of Original Languages, Locations, and Scroll Origins

From Sinai to Patmos, Babylon to Qumran—where the scrolls were born, who received them, and what language they first spoke

Scroll / Text

Scribe / Prophet

Geographic Origin

Original Language(s)

Approx. Date

Circumstance / Setting

Notes

Genesis–Deuteronomy

Moses

Sinai wilderness

Hebrew

~1400–1200 BCE

Dictated at Sinai after Exodus

Foundation of Torah, preserved orally and in scroll

1 Enoch

Enoch (via scribes)

Ancient Near East, preserved in Ethiopia

Aramaic (Qumran), Ge’ez (full)

3rd–1st century BCE

Visionary ascents, cosmic dreams

Key scroll among Ethiopian Jews and Qumran sect

Book of Jubilees

Angel to Moses

Sinai

Hebrew (lost), Ge’ez

~150 BCE

Moses receives dictation on mount

Preserved in Ethiopian canon, calendar-focused

Life of Adam and Eve

Unknown (Adam’s voice framed)

Mesopotamian region

Greek / Latin / Slavonic

1st century BCE–1st CE

Received in cave setting

Describes pre-Flood repentance and Eve’s lament

2 Baruch

Baruch, scribe of Jeremiah

Post-destruction Jerusalem / Diaspora

Hebrew (lost), Syriac

1st–2nd century CE

Post-70 CE prophetic reflection

Shared themes with 4 Ezra

4 Ezra (2 Esdras 3–14)

Ezra

Babylon / Visionary space

Aramaic (lost), Latin

~100 CE

Vision in exile, post-temple destruction

Core apocalypse in restoration theology

5 Ezra (2 Esdras 1–2)

Christian-era writer (pseudonymous Ezra)

Rome or Diaspora

Latin

2nd–3rd century CE

Mourning over Israel’s rejection

Echoes Matthew 23 and Revelation 2–3

6 Ezra (2 Esdras 15–16)

Unknown (late editor)

Diaspora

Latin

3rd–4th century CE

Apocalyptic addition to scroll set

Stylistically similar to Sibylline Oracles

Daniel

Daniel

Babylon

Aramaic / Hebrew

6th century BCE

Dreams under Babylonian kings

Foundation of messianic and resurrection theology

Revelation

John

Island of Patmos (Aegean)

Greek

~95 CE

Vision in exile, Lord’s day

Final canonical vision of restoration

Gospel of Thomas

Disciples / Thomas (ascribed)

Syria / Egypt

Coptic (from Greek)

~60–140 CE

Oral sayings preserved in house fellowships

Wisdom gospel, non-narrative style

Gospel of Mary Magdalene

Early Christian mystics

Egypt

Coptic (from Greek)

~120–150 CE

Revealed dialogue with Mary after resurrection

Highlights feminine witness and inner transformation

Testament of Abraham

Unknown (Greek Jew)

Egypt or Asia Minor

Greek

1st–2nd century CE

Angelic vision of death and judgment

Morality-driven, parabolic tone

Shepherd of Hermas

Hermas (Roman freedman)

Rome

Greek

~100–140 CE

Visions during fasting and prayer

Key discipleship scroll in early Church

Wisdom of Solomon

Anonymous Jewish sage

Alexandria, Egypt

Greek

~50 BCE

Philosophy meets Hebrew spirituality

Heavily quoted in early Christian writings

Didache

Apostolic elders

Syria / Antioch

Greek

~50–100 CE

Catechism of early converts

Ethical and community-focused instruction

Psalms

David, Asaph, Korahites, etc.

Jerusalem / Temple

Hebrew

1000–500 BCE

Songs, laments, prayers in Temple cycles

150 compiled over centuries into one scroll

Enoch (Similitudes)

Enoch (ascribed)

Visionary tradition

Ge’ez

~100 BCE

Heavenly courtroom vision

Central to Son of Man theology

Appendix Y Summary

“Every scroll has a place. Every prophet had a moment. Every language carried light in its time.”

This appendix shows that sacred knowledge was never bound to one era, one culture, or one tongue. From caves to palaces, from Hebrew to Coptic, the Spirit has always found a pen.

Here's the continued buildout of Appendix Y — Part 2, now expanding the table toward 30+ entries. These additions maintain the same structured format and include prophetic texts, early writings, and sealed scrolls across a wide time span.

Appendix Y — Glossary of Original Languages, Locations, and Scroll Origins (continued)

Scroll / Text

Scribe / Prophet

Geographic Origin

Original Language(s)

Approx. Date

Circumstance / Setting

Notes

Isaiah

Isaiah

Jerusalem

Hebrew

~740–680 BCE

Temple vision (ch. 6), court prophet

Messianic hope, judgment, restoration

Jeremiah

Jeremiah / Baruch

Jerusalem → Egypt

Hebrew

~626–580 BCE

From priestly city Anathoth, during siege

Major prophet before fall of Judah

Lamentations

Jeremiah (traditionally)

Jerusalem

Hebrew

~586 BCE

Written amid ruin of city and temple

Five poetic laments

Ezekiel

Ezekiel

Babylon (Chebar River)

Hebrew

~593–571 BCE

Vision during exile

Glory leaves temple, restoration promised

Minor Prophets (12)

Hosea → Malachi

Israel, Judah

Hebrew

800–430 BCE

Spanning pre- and post-exile eras

Included in Jewish Bible as one scroll

Book of Baruch (1 Baruch)

Baruch

Babylon or Jerusalem

Hebrew (lost), Greek

~100 BCE

Recalling Jeremiah’s teachings

Includes confessions, hope, apocalyptic tones

Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs

Attributed to each son of Jacob

Jewish diaspora (likely Qumran)

Greek / Hebrew (fragments)

~150–50 BCE

Final words and visions of each patriarch

Moral instruction + messianic prophecy

Apocalypse of Abraham

Abraham (ascribed), later scribe

Babylon / diaspora

Hebrew (lost), Slavonic

~1st–2nd century CE

Vision on mountain altar

Introduces dualism, angelic mediation

Apocalypse of Peter

Peter (ascribed)

Egypt or Palestine

Greek (fragments)

~100–150 CE

Vision of judgment, rewards, and punishments

Influenced Dante’s Inferno; popular in early church

Gospel of Peter

Peter (attributed)

Antioch or Egypt

Greek (fragmentary)

~60–120 CE

Passion narrative with unique details

Shows conflict with Jewish leaders, cosmic signs

Jubilees

Angel → Moses

Sinai

Hebrew (lost), Ge’ez

~150 BCE

Revealed on mountain

Retells Genesis–Exodus on 364-day calendar

Psalm 151

David (ascribed)

Temple / Court of Saul

Hebrew / Greek

Pre-Exilic

Included in LXX, not Masoretic Text

Autobiographical praise of David

Sirach (Ecclesiasticus)

Jesus ben Sira

Jerusalem → Alexandria

Hebrew / Greek

~180 BCE

Wisdom teachings from Temple scholar

Translated into Greek by grandson

Odes of Solomon

Anonymous

Syria / Antioch

Greek / Syriac

~50–100 CE

Spiritual poetry, early hymns

Focus on incarnation, birth from virgin, joy

Prayer of Azariah

Azariah (Abednego)

Babylon

Hebrew (lost), Greek

~6th century BCE (ascribed)

Prayed in the furnace

Part of Additions to Daniel

Susanna

Daniel (framed)

Babylon

Hebrew / Greek

~2nd century BCE

Daniel defends innocent woman

Ethical and judicial focus

Bel and the Dragon

Daniel (framed)

Babylon

Hebrew (lost), Greek

~2nd century BCE

Satirical episodes against idolatry

Humorous tone, theological critique

Gospel of Philip

Philip (ascribed)

Egypt (Nag Hammadi)

Coptic

~150–250 CE

Gnostic-leaning sayings and teachings

Symbolic language of unity, sacraments

Dialogue of the Savior

Disciples (ascribed)

Egypt

Coptic

~150–200 CE

Post-resurrection Q&A

Inner light, kingdom within themes

Ascension of Isaiah

Isaiah / disciples

Jerusalem / heaven

Greek / Ethiopic

~100 CE

Heavenly journey vision

Combines martyrdom with apocalyptic vision

Apocalypse of Thomas

Thomas (ascribed)

Egypt or Syria

Latin

~4th century CE

End-time destruction narrative

Medieval popularity

Vision of Ezra (Greek Apocalypse of Ezra)

Ezra (ascribed)

Egypt / diaspora

Greek

~3rd century CE

Final judgment vision

7 heavens and punishment imagery

Sibylline Oracles

Multiple Jewish & Christian scribes

Rome, Egypt

Greek

2nd BCE – 2nd CE

Prophetic poems in pagan form

Blend of Jewish prophecy and Roman critique

1 Clement

Clement of Rome

Rome

Greek

~95 CE

Letter to Corinthian church

Unity and apostolic order

Epistle of Barnabas

Barnabas (disputed)

Alexandria or Syria

Greek

~70–130 CE

Teaching scroll using Scripture typology

Anti-temple, spiritual interpretation

Didascalia Apostolorum

Apostolic elders (framed)

Syria

Syriac (lost), Greek

~3rd century CE

Church manual with pastoral instruction

Expanded into Apostolic Constitutions

Protoevangelium of James

James (ascribed)

Egypt or Judea

Greek

~150 CE

Story of Mary’s birth and youth

High view of Mary, birth narrative

Infancy Gospel of Thomas

Thomas (framed)

Syria

Greek

~150 CE

Stories of Jesus as a child

Moralistic, supernatural tales

Epistle to the Laodiceans

Paul (disputed)

Asia Minor

Latin

~4th century CE

Paraphrase of Ephesians/Philippians

Circulated in some early Bibles

Appendix Y — Final Reflection

“Each scroll has a voice. Each voice had a moment. Each moment has returned— to call us back to the living Word.”

Together, these writings—canonical and sealed—form a constellation of testimony. They cross geography, culture, and language. But all were preserved for this generation,

“for the wise among the people” (2 Esdras 14:46).

(Continued): Entries 61–75

Languages, Locations, and Scroll Origins — Unveiling the Carriers of the Scrolls

Scroll / Text

Scribe / Prophet

Geographic Origin

Original Language(s)

Approx. Date

Setting / Circumstance

Purpose

2 Enoch (Slavonic Enoch)

Enoch (ascribed)

Alexandria or Jerusalem (later Slavonic)

Slavonic (from Greek)

1st century CE

Visionary ascent through 10 heavens

Expanded cosmology; moral purification

3 Enoch (Hebrew Enoch)

Rabbi Ishmael

Israel / Temple mysticism

Hebrew

~3rd–5th century CE

Vision in heavenly court after temple’s fall

Merge Enoch and Merkabah mysticism

3 Baruch (Greek Apocalypse of Baruch)

Baruch (ascribed)

Egypt or Levant

Greek

1st–2nd century CE

Vision of 5 heavens, judgment

Alternative cosmology, spiritual contrast with 2 Baruch

Hodayot (Thanksgiving Hymns)

Teacher of Righteousness

Qumran (Dead Sea)

Hebrew

2nd–1st century BCE

Sectarian prayer scroll

Personal cries for deliverance and vindication

Community Rule (1QS)

Essene scribes

Qumran

Hebrew

2nd century BCE

Scroll of identity and purity

Structure and ethics of the “Sons of Light”

War Scroll (1QM)

Unknown Qumran scribe

Qumran

Hebrew

1st century BCE

War between Sons of Light and Sons of Darkness

Apocalyptic military strategy and cosmic dualism

Damascus Document

Zadokite priesthood

Qumran / Damascus?

Hebrew

1st century BCE

Legal covenant and exile identity

Call to return to the true covenantal path

1 Esdras (3 Ezra)

Ezra (attributed)

Babylon → Jerusalem

Greek (from Hebrew)

~100 BCE

Retelling of temple restoration

Spiritualized parallel to Ezra–Nehemiah

Prayer of Manasseh

Manasseh (ascribed)

Babylon

Hebrew (lost), Greek

~2nd–1st century BCE

Repentance while in exile

Ultimate example of mercy after great sin

Letter of Jeremiah

Jeremiah (ascribed)

Egypt / Babylon

Greek (some Hebrew roots)

~2nd century BCE

Warning about idols

Tacked onto Baruch in many traditions

4 Maccabees

Jewish philosopher

Alexandria

Greek

~1st century CE

Philosophical defense of martyrdom

Stoic reason and faith unite

Testament of Moses (Assumption of Moses)

Moses (framed)

Judea

Hebrew (lost), Latin

~1st century CE

Prophetic last words

Political critique and messianic hope

Book of the Wars of YHWH

Unknown (referenced in Numbers)

Wilderness era

Hebrew (lost)

~1400 BCE

Battle chronicle

Fragmentary — cited but not preserved

Book of Jasher (Yashar)

Oral / scribal tradition

Israel

Hebrew (lost)

Unknown

Heroic poetry (referenced in Joshua, Samuel)

Celebrates uprightness and ancient deeds

Book of Gad the Seer

Gad (David’s prophet)

Jerusalem

Hebrew (lost)

~1000 BCE

Temple court prophecies

Referenced in 1 Chronicles 29:29

Section Summary

With this section, we approach 75 preserved or referenced scrolls, representing nearly every major prophetic, poetic, instructional, and apocalyptic voice recorded between Eden and the early church.

From Qumran caves to the courts of Babylon, from Coptic monasteries to the Sea of Galilee…

“Each scroll bore a spark. Each scribe carried fire. And now those embers rise again.”

Appendix Y (Final Segment): Entries 76–85+

The Last Voices, Referenced Scrolls, and Hidden Books for the Wise

Scroll / Text

Scribe / Prophet

Geographic Origin

Original Language(s)

Approx. Date

Circumstance / Setting

Purpose

Gospel of the Hebrews

Unknown Jewish-Christian

Egypt or Judea

Greek (fragments)

~1st–2nd century CE

Read by early Jewish believers

Preserves sayings and visions of Yeshua not in canonical Gospels

Gospel of the Egyptians

Gnostic sect (ascribed to disciples)

Egypt

Coptic

~2nd century CE

Mystical sayings, spiritual allegories

Rejects marriage, symbolic of spiritual union

Gospel of Truth

Valentinian Christian mystic

Alexandria

Coptic (from Greek)

~150–180 CE

Parable-rich poetic theology

Describes salvation as awakening from forgetfulness

Book of Tobit

Tobias (framed), unknown scribe

Assyria / Nineveh

Aramaic / Hebrew

~3rd–2nd century BCE

Wisdom story of exile, angels, marriage

Practical righteousness + divine guidance

Judith

Unknown (framed as history)

Israelite resistance setting

Hebrew (lost), Greek

~2nd century BCE

Heroic widow defeats invading general

Uplifts faith, courage, and female spiritual authority

Book of Esther (with Greek Additions)

Mordecai (core) + Hellenistic editors

Persia

Hebrew + Greek

~5th BCE (base), 2nd BCE (additions)

Diaspora identity celebration

Adds prayers, dreams, divine name references

Gospel of Barnabas

Later Muslim-Judeo-Christian fusion

Spain / North Africa?

Italian / Spanish

~14th century CE (late apocrypha)

Drastically different gospel story

Strongly Islamic-leaning reinterpretation

Book of Noah (fragmented)

Noah (ascribed)

Pre-flood era

Aramaic / Ge’ez (embedded in Enoch)

~200 BCE

Found within 1 Enoch and Jubilees

Describes judgment, angelic warnings, heavenly visions

Odes of Solomon (full set)

Unknown early follower of Yeshua

Syria / Antioch

Greek / Syriac

~50–100 CE

Worship poetry, Spirit-breathed

Explores incarnation, divine love, and joy

Apocalypse of Adam

Adam (ascribed)

Egypt (Nag Hammadi)

Coptic

~1st–2nd century CE

Adam reveals vision to son Seth

Dualistic end-times revelation

Epistle of the Apostles

Early church elders

Syria / Palestine

Greek

~2nd century CE

Post-resurrection Q&A with Yeshua

Refutes Gnostic teaching, affirms resurrection

Cave of Treasures

Syriac Christian writer

Mesopotamia

Syriac

~6th century CE

Expanded Genesis chronology

Connects OT lineage to Messiah, includes heavenly dimensions

Apocalypse of Paul

Paul (framed)

Egypt / Rome

Greek / Coptic

~3rd–4th century CE

Vision of heaven and hell

Influenced medieval views of afterlife

Ode of Zechariah (Benedictus)

Zechariah

Judea

Hebrew / Greek

~1st century BCE

Temple priest prophesies at John’s birth

Announces messianic sunrise and national deliverance

Psalm of Solomon 17–18

Pharisaic psalmists

Jerusalem

Hebrew / Greek

~1st century BCE

Anticipation of a Davidic Messiah

Central to Jewish messianic theology pre-Gospels

Appendix Y — Completion Summary

This closes your Master Glossary of 85+ sacred scrolls, ranging across:

Canonical

Sealed

Referenced but lost

Apocryphal

Mystical and prophetic

Early Christian discipleship

Each scroll has now been indexed by voice, origin, language, context, and purpose.

The Vision Fulfilled

“What was written in fire, what was sealed in caves, what was lost in exile— has now been gathered.”

From Adam to John, Moses to Mary, Enoch to Ezra…

You now hold the Complete Scroll-Carriers Index The foundation of the Sealed Writings and all their prophetic fire.

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