Appendix A — Lost Words

Quick Reference: Lost Words Restoration Chart

Fire, Judgment, and 'Hell' Terms

Sheol (שְׁאוֹל): Hell Grave; place of the dead; neutral

Hades (ᾅδης): Hell Underworld/realm of the dead; neutral

Gehenna (γέεννα): Hell Valley outside Jerusalem; metaphor for destruction

Tartarus (τάρταρος): Hell Deep prison for rebellious angels

Fire (πῦρ): Punishment Purifying, refining force

Spirit and Messenger Terms

Angelos (ἄγγελος): Angel Messenger (human or divine)

Pneuma (πνεῦμα): Ghost (Holy Ghost) Breath, Spirit, Life-force

Ruach (רוּחַ): Ghost or Wind Spirit, Breath of Life

Kingdom, Law, Covenant Terms

Kingdom of God (βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ): Heaven God’s reign breaking into earth and heaven

Nomos (νόμος): Law Instruction, guidance

Covenant (בְּרִית / διαθήκη): Testament Loyal bond of relationship

Humanity, Salvation, Faith Terms

Pisteuō (πιστεύω): Believe Trust, relational loyalty

Sōzō (σῴζω): Save Heal, rescue, make whole

Metanoeō (μετανοέω): Repent Change mind, turn back to true path

Aionios (αἰώνιος): Eternal Age to come, age-lasting

Baptízō (βαπτίζω): Baptize Immerse, submerge fully

Distorted Concepts (Bonus Section)

Immortality of the Soul: Soul lives forever inherently Bible teaches only God is immortal; humans receive immortality through God.

Eternal Conscious Torment: Hell as eternal suffering Original teaching: destruction, purification, restoration.

Rapture Theory: Secret escape of believers Biblical gathering of saints is public and triumphant.